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Ball bearing

Ball bearing

Ball bearing is a kind of rolling bearing. The spherical alloy steel ball is installed between the inner ring and the outer ring to reduce the friction in the power transmission process and improve the transmission efficiency of mechanical power by rolling. Ball bearings cannot withstand heavy loads and are more common in light industrial machinery. Ball bearings are also called ball bearings.

Ball bearings mainly include four basic elements: ball, inner ring, outer ring, and cage or retainer. The general industrial ball bearings meet the AISI52100 standard. The balls and rings are usually made of high chromium steel, with Rockwell C-scale hardness between 61-65.

Ball bearing

Ball bearing performance:
The hardness of the retainer is lower than that of balls and rings, and its materials are metal (such as medium carbon steel, aluminum alloy) or non-metal (such as Teflon, PTFE, polymer materials). Rolling bearing (rolling bearing) has lower rotational friction resistance than journal bearing (journal bearing), so at the same speed, the temperature due to friction will be lower.
Ball bearings are generally used in low-load mechanical transmission equipment. Because the bearing area of ball bearings is small, serious mechanical damage is prone to occur under high-speed operation, so needle roller bearings are often used in heavy-load mechanical transmission to increase the bearing surface, improve mechanical transmission efficiency, and reduce Mechanical damage.
The ball bearing changes the friction method of the bearing and adopts rolling friction. This method more effectively reduces the friction phenomenon between the bearing surfaces, improves the service life of the fan bearing, and therefore extends the service life of the radiator. The disadvantage is that the process is more complicated, the cost is increased, and it also brings higher working noise.

Ball bearing

1. Features
FAG deep groove ball bearings are non-separable bearings composed of solid inner and outer rings, cages and steel balls, which are very versatile. The product is simple in structure, reliable and durable, and easy to maintain. It has a variety of designs such as single-row, double-row, open and sealed. Due to the standardized processing technology, the outer ring of the open bearing is equipped with a groove for sealing ring or dust cover. Due to the low friction torque, deep groove ball bearings are suitable for high-speed operation.
2. Radial and axial bearing capacity
Due to the geometry of the raceway and the use of steel balls as rolling elements, this type of imported deep groove ball bearing can simultaneously bear bidirectional axial load and radial load.
3. Angle misalignment compensation
FAG single row deep groove ball bearings have limited misalignment compensation capabilities, so the bearings must be accurately positioned. Misalignment will cause the rolling elements to be in an unfavorable rolling state, and the internal stress of the bearing will increase, thereby shortening the working life of the bearing. In order to limit the additional stress of the bearing to a lower range, for single row deep groove ball bearings only a small inclination angle (depending on the size of the load) and axial load carrying capacity are allowed. Due to its internal structural characteristics, double row deep groove ball bearings have no misalignment compensation capability. When using this type of bearing, no tilt angle is allowed.
Four, working temperature
The operating temperature of FAG open deep groove ball bearings is not higher than +120℃. When the working temperature is higher than +120℃, please contact us. The outer diameter D of the bearing is greater than 240mm, and its dimensional stability temperature can reach +200℃. The working temperature range of lip-sealed deep groove ball bearings is –30°C to +110°C, which is limited by their grease and seal ring materials. The operating temperature range of gap-sealed bearings is -30℃ to +120℃. The maximum operating temperature of bearings with glass fiber reinforced nylon cage does not exceed +120°C.
Five, cage
FAG deep groove ball bearing models without cage suffix use stamped steel cages. The bearing suffix of the steel ball guided brass solid cage is M. The suffix Y indicates that the bearing cage is stamped brass. Double row deep groove ball bearings, whose cage is made of glass fiber reinforced nylon (suffix TVH). Check the chemical stability of nylon to synthetic grease and lubricants containing extreme pressure additives. At high temperatures, aging lubricants and oil additives will reduce the working life of nylon cages. The oil replacement cycle must be followed.

Ball bearing

A self-aligning ball bearing is a bearing equipped with spherical rolling elements between the inner ring of two raceways and the outer ring whose raceways are spherical. It can bear larger radial load, but also can bear certain axial load. The outer ring raceway of this kind of bearing is spherical. So it has self-aligning performance.
The main features of self-aligning ball bearings are:
(1) The outer ring raceway of a self-aligning ball bearing is a part of a spherical surface, and the center of curvature is on the bearing axis. Therefore, the bearing has a self-aligning function. When the shaft and housing are deflected, it can be adjusted automatically. No additional bearing burden.
(2) It can bear radial load and appropriate axial load in two directions. But it cannot bear moment load.
The contact angle of this type of bearing is small, the contact angle is almost unchanged under axial load, the axial load capacity is small, the radial load capacity is large, and it is suitable for heavy load and impact load.
(3) Double-row self-aligning ball bearings with adapter sleeves and lock nuts can be installed at any position on the optical axis without the need for positioning shaft shoulders.

Ball bearing

use:
The purpose of the ball bearing is to determine the relative position of the two parts (usually the shaft and the bearing seat) and to ensure their free rotation, while transmitting the load between them. At high speeds (such as in gyro ball bearings), this use can be extended to include free rotation with almost no wear in the bearing. In order to achieve this state, an adhesive fluid film called an elastohydrodynamic lubricating film can be used to separate the two parts of the bearing. Denhard (1966) pointed out that elasticity can be maintained not only when the bearing bears the load on the shaft, but also when the bearing is preloaded so that the positioning accuracy and stability of the shaft does not exceed 1 microinch or 1 nanoinch. Hydrodynamic lubrication film [1].
Ball bearings are used in various machines and equipment with rotating parts. Designers often have to decide whether to use a ball bearing or a fluid film bearing in a particular application. The following characteristics make ball bearings more desirable than fluid film bearings in many situations,
1. The starting friction is small and the working friction is appropriate.
2. Can withstand combined radial and axial loads.
8. Not sensitive to interruption of lubrication.
4. There is no self-excited instability.
5. Easy to start at low temperature.
Within a reasonable range, changing the load, speed and working temperature has only a small effect on the good performance of the ball bearing.
The following characteristics make ball bearings less desirable than fluid film bearings.
1. The limited fatigue life varies greatly.
2. The required radial space is relatively large.
3. The damping capacity is low.
I. The noise level is high. ·
6. The alignment requirements are stricter.
6. higher cost.
According to the above characteristics, piston engines usually use fluid film bearings, while jet engines almost exclusively use ball bearings. Various types of bearings have their own unique advantages. In a given application, the most suitable bearing type should be carefully selected. The British Engineering Scientific Data Organization (ESDU 1965, 1967) has provided useful guidelines for the important issue of bearing selection.

Ball bearing

Bearing clearance:
Bearing clearance (internal clearance) refers to the total distance that a bearing ring can move in a certain direction relative to another ring before the bearing is installed with the shaft or the bearing housing. According to the moving direction, it can be divided into radial clearance and axial clearance, as shown in Figure 1.
The internal clearance of the bearing before installation must be distinguished from the internal clearance (operating clearance) of the bearing when the operating temperature is reached after installation. The original internal clearance (before installation) is usually greater than the operating clearance. This is due to the difference in the degree of fit involved in the installation and the difference in the thermal expansion of the inner and outer rings of the bearing and related components that cause the inner and outer rings to expand or contract.
Bearing internal clearance and specified value
The size of the internal clearance (also called the clearance) of the rolling bearing in operation has a great influence on the bearing performance such as fatigue life, vibration, noise, and temperature rise.
Therefore, choosing the internal clearance of the bearing is an important research project for the bearing that determines the structural size.
Generally, in order to obtain a stable test value, a specified test load is given to the bearing, and then the clearance is tested. Therefore, the measured clearance value is larger than the theoretical clearance (in the radial clearance, also called geometric clearance), that is, one more elastic deformation caused by the test load (called the test clearance Show the difference).
Generally, the clearance before installation is specified by the theoretical internal clearance.
Choice of internal clearance

Ball bearing
The following points should be considered when selecting the most suitable clearance according to the conditions of use:
(1) The matching of the bearing, the shaft and the housing causes the change of the clearance.
(2) The clearance changes due to the temperature difference between the inner and outer rings when the bearing is working.
(3) The material used for the shaft and the housing affects the change of bearing clearance due to different expansion coefficients.
Generally, the radial clearance of the basic group should be used first for the bearings that work normally. But for bearings that work under special conditions, such as high temperature, high speed, low noise, low friction and other requirements, the radial clearance of the auxiliary group can be selected. Choose smaller radial clearances for precision bearings and machine tool spindle bearings. If there are special requirements for bearing clearance, the bearing can meet the needs of customers.

When the bearing is running, due to the combined action of its internal friction, lubricant stirring and other external factors, it will cause the bearing temperature to rise and the parts to expand.
(1) Among the bearing parameters, the contact angle has a greater influence on the axial clearance change. (2) Among the influences of interference fit, centrifugal effect, and temperature rise on bearing clearance, interference fit has the greatest influence. (3) In practical applications, if the bearing has an interference fit, the influence of the fit interference on the bearing clearance needs to be taken into account, and a certain amount of clearance should be reserved to avoid excessive pre-tightening force and premature failure of the bearing. When the angular contact ball bearings are actually paired, the change in the radial clearance should be converted into the change in the axial clearance for consideration.

Ball bearing

Rolling bearings:
In the design of mechanical parts, rolling bearings and sliding bearings are often used. Compared with sliding bearings, rolling bearings have the following advantages and disadvantages.
advantage:
(1) In general working conditions, the friction coefficient of the rolling bearing is small and will not change with the change of the friction coefficient. It is relatively stable; starting and running torque is small, power loss is small, and efficiency is high.
(2) The radial clearance of the rolling bearing is small, and it can be eliminated by the method of axial preload, so the operation accuracy is high.
(3) Rolling bearings have a small axial width, and some bearings can bear combined radial and axial loads at the same time, with compact structure and simple assembly.
(4) Rolling bearings are standardized components with a high degree of standardization and can be produced in batches, so the cost is low.
Disadvantages:
(1) Rolling bearings have a small contact area between rolling elements and pipes, especially ball bearings, which have poor impact resistance.
(2) Due to the structural characteristics of rolling bearings, vibration and noise are large.
(3) The life of rolling bearings is reduced under high speed and heavy load.
(4) The inner and outer rings of the rolling bearing adopt an integral structure, and cannot adopt a partial structure, which makes it difficult to install the bearing in the middle of the long shaft.

Ball bearing

Date

26 October 2020

Tags

Ball bearing

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