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 Vector control of ac motors india using low-cost MCUs

Vector control of ac motors india using low-cost MCUs

Vector control of ac motors india using low-cost MCUs.

Independent control of two AC motors. The inverter has nine switching devices. The proposed inverter is composed of two conventional inverters with three common switches. A nine switch inverter can achieve the independent control of ac motors india by controlling the MI of the inverters. The simulation model of the inverter is developed in MATLAB/simulink. Two different firing schemes namely PWM and SVM are presented. The performance of the inverter is analyzed with the different switching techniques and compared in terms of THD and switching losses. The simulation results are presented for different modulation indices.

A commonly used technique for the detection of faults in large three-phase induction motors is to measure the supply current to the motor and analyze the signal spectrum. This technique is well established and has been shown to be indicative of a faulty condition. However, current signature analysis is usually used by very skilled technicians using expensive equipment. A cost effective condition monitoring technique is needed for smaller motors (those smaller than 100 HP). A motor's heat signature tells more about its quality and condition. For heavy-duty motors, it is very important to detect overheating because hot windings deteriorate rapidly. This article explores the possibilities of using wireless sensors inside the motor.

A comprehensive account of the state-of-the-art on types of construction of the ac motors india, closed loop controllers in position, speed and current/torque control and recent trends in inverters, sensors etc. are given. Techniques for mechanical sensors elimination are discussed in detail. Special efforts made to reduce torque ripples, noise and vibrations are described. The impact of microelectronics through integrated chips used in the control of PMBLDC motor drives is given. The increasing applications of this drive due to improved performance and its cost reduction are also enlisted.

The requirement of modern systems to be quiet and run smoothly increases production costs. The manufacture and purchase of high quality motors that meet these demands becomes increasingly costly. By using the ever increasing computer power available in micro-controllers, at the same costs, it is possible to use current sensing to develop control adjustments which decrease power ripples caused by the commutators of ac motors india. These ripples if left unmitigated propagate through to torque ripples which then increase the acoustic noise level present.

 Vector control of ac motors india using low-cost MCUs

AC Servo motors have applications in precise positioning like ROBOT, high speed performance & many more. For controlling AC servo motor most of the drive is equipped with traditional controller which may be of PI or PID type. Therefore the tuning of PI parameter used in this drive is very necessary. However, during some operating conditions, this controller may not give satisfied performance and precision. This paper presents study for closed loop control of ac motors india using Fuzzy Logic Controller when motor operating in field oriented control. Motor used in ac motors india here is Synchronous Motor with permanent magnet. In FOC d-axis reference current is taken as zero. The main focus is on controlling position & speed of synchronous motor with permanent magnet. The performance of this scheme is tested using MATLAB/SIMULINK Software.

Increased power demand in India due to the rapid industrialization necessitates the design of a system with low cost, reduced losses and higher efficiency. Large number of motors is required in industrial applications. Two methods of control exist for PM motors. These conventional methods have the problem of increased cost, complexity of apparatus and lack of independent control. Here a nine switch z-source inverter is introduced for controlling two ac loads with independent mode. It is used to boost up the voltage in a single stage. It has the advantage that the number of switching devices is reduced by two as compared to two three phase inverter. There is a wide range of applications for such inverter in electric vehicles, industrial robots, electric train, aircraft drive system, electric ship propulsion system etc.

The powered battery is later been utilized for driving a BLDC motor which drives the vehicle. To charge the battery the wall charger and solar power is been used, where wall charger is the regular AC mains after suitable rectification the dc output is obtained. And as we know the solar power is directly proportional to the sun's radiation and the sun radiation is not constant always, so we decided to make use of DC-DC buck-boost convertor at the output of solar which can give a constant output voltage. We would also like to mention that the electric power utilised for driving a two-wheeler make the vehicle a hybrid two-wheeler vehicle which is incorporated of more than one source.Vector control of ac motors india using low-cost MCUs. The motor controller for controlling of BLDC motor and other parameters in the hybrid two-wheeler vehicle make use of regenerative braking intern for charging the battery, where the motor will act as a generator

There is a growing interest in employing renewable energy conversion systems for supplying power to rural households in India. Such systems have to be designed with maximum efficiency and with minimum intermediate stages. In this context, modifications are proposed for two commonly used rural household appliances; the wet–grinder and the dough–maker for Net zero energy Homes (NZEH). In this paper, AC motors that are conventionally employed for the above two appliances are replaced by ac motors india, thereby avoiding inverters in the system. The power electronic interfaces for the PMDC motor are also developed. Investigations have been presented to show an increase in energy efficiency and reduction in the cost of the appliances, as a result of this replacement. Roof Top Photo–Voltaic (RTPV) array is the main power source of the proposed NZEH.

An intelligent AC voltage controller is proposed for the control of induction motor. It controls the motor speed by adjusting the firing angles of the thyristors. Adaptive network fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) based controller was designed for open-loop sensor less control. The results obtained were satisfactory and promising. In addition to simplicity, stability, and high accuracy such controller gives soft starting. It is suitable to control induction motor as a soft starter and speed adjustment in compressors, blowers, fans, pumps, and many other applications

AC Voltage Controllers are finding important application in speed control of induction motors, light dimmers, heat controllers and soft starters. AC Chopper is an arrangement of bi-directional switches to control the output voltage by varying the duty-cycle of operation of the switches involved. In this paper, a new switching scheme for three phase ac chopper is discussed which requires only three variables for converting the fixed input ac voltage to a controlled ac voltage. The added advantage is that this scheme takes into account the safe operation of the ac chopper by preventing short-circuit conditions. At the same time it provides a path to the ac motors india current when the terminal voltage falls to zero. Implementation of the proposed scheme leads to much simpler control circuitry than discussed in the literature. A Three phase 3HP induction motor-fed from three phase ac chopper is used for the work. The simulation results confirm the improvement in power factor, leading to power savings.

 Vector control of ac motors india using low-cost MCUs
Ac motors are extensively employed in many industrial applications such as portable drills, sewing machines, food mixers and hand tools requiring high starting torque. Armature voltage control is an effective and simple method of speed control in most of these applications. Solid state ac motors india can be used to control the voltage applied to the motor. AC voltage controllers with back to back connected SCRs or TRIACs employing phase control strategy are commercially available for this purpose. However the controllers are found to create problems like introduction of harmonics in the input supply, poor supply power factor and inference to communication equipments. These problems are severe at large firing angles of the controller. The problems introduced by phase control method can be overcome if pulse width modulation technique is employed for the speed control of ac motors india.

The main advantage of multiphase frequency controlled AC drives is that they have more control resources than the 3-phase ones. The increase of the inverter system phase number (i.e. the number of the phases) more than five together with the joint application of the over-phase control method and the classical principle of AC motor frequency control in these systems allow to improve considerably a number of the drive technical-and-economic characteristics (speed of response, reliability, manufacturing cost, etc.).

Electric motors constitute almost two thirds of Electric energy utilisation for domestic, commercial and industrial applications. Life time energy cost of running the motors is much more than the total purchase cost of the motors. Failure of a motor can cost more in terms of production and failure in commitment to a customer and government. A single failure can adversely affect a company's short term profitability, multiple or repeated failure can reduce the competitiveness in both long and medium term. It is well known practice in industry to repair/rewind a failed motor to avoid a capital cost in purchasing a new motor.

The most commonly used controller in the industry field is the proportional- plus-integral (PI) controller, which requires a mathematical model of the system. Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) provides an alternative to conventional PI controller, especially when the available system models are inexact or unavailable. Also, rapid advances in digital technologies have given designers the option of implementing controllers using field programmable gate array (FPGA) which depends on parallel programming. This method has many advantages over classical microprocessors. In this research work, a FLC, which is fabricated on modern FPGA card (Spartan-3A, Xilinx Company), is proposed to implement a prototype of a speed controller for three-phase induction motor (squirrel cage type). The FLC and the PWM inverter strategies which have been built in FPGA appeared fast speed response and good stability in controlling the three-phase induction motor.

 Vector control of ac motors india using low-cost MCUs

Looking onto the concerned issue of the fast pace increase in running costs due to sky rocketing fuel prices and stringent emission norms in the automotive industry, the pre-eminent solution is HEVs and EVs, which henceforth proves to be elucidating. For the deeper study of HEVs and EVs in order to get improvised solutions for the above mentioned issues, the motor forms an indispensable part of it, being the propelling force either full time or by providing part time propulsion to the vehicle. From times immemorial motors are being used in HEVs and EVs as prime force, and the usage of motor has undergone various changes, from DC motors being used initially to AC motors finding applications in present with some special motors. Motors are categorized into three: Elementary DC motors, AC motors and Special motors.

The fault diagnosis and control system allows on-line analysis on a desktop application, a Web application and off-line analysis for determining the transformer faults and remedies based on certain symptoms observed on the equipment and their comparison with the survey results of cooling system condition, bushing condition, insulation system condition, partial discharge evolution, transformer switching in/switching off, exceeding of monitored parameter limits and estimation of remained life, the data of which is continuously updated into the database of the existing system.Vector control of ac motors india using low-cost MCUs. Such modules are developed for ac motors, dc motors, and street lamps and are integrated in one package namely fault diagnosis and control (FDC) system. The proposed FDC system uses a Web based expert system architecture which has been proven as an effective platform for diagnostic and control applications of transformers.

In practice, most of these drives are based on ac motors india because such motors are rugged, reliable, and relatively inexpensive. Single phase to three phase converter have a wide range of applications in rural area and also in industries where three phase equipment or motors are to be operated from the easily available single phase supply. These converters are excellent choice for situation where three phase power supply is not available. The added advantage is that the three phase motors are more efficient and economical than single phase motors. Also the starting current in three phase motors is less severe than in single phase motors. This needs a strong, efficient cost elective and high quality single phase to three phase conversion. Advanced PWM techniques are employed to guarantee high quality output voltage and sinusoidal input at the terminal of single phase source.

Major share of electricity is consumed for drive purpose. Ac motors india account for a major share of the total use of electricity in drives. Not only in the industrial sector, power consumed by AC motors in the agricultural and commercial sectors is also quite substantial. They consume around 70% of electricity in industrial sector alone. Therefore, the efficiency of the motor is of paramount importance, both for energy conservation and energy cost. This article highlights methods for improving efficiency of AC induction motors. Motor efficiency is defined as the ratio of mechanical power output to electrical power input to the motor i.e.

The process is normally successful if power rating of drives, ac motors india, sensors analog and digital inputs/outputs and their interface are co-ordinate in such a way that their strength and polarities are not loosed and deteriorated. A technical effort is made to understand the mechanism and distribution of forces and matching the characteristics of motors and drives along with involved encoders and gearbox ratios.

Energy shortage is vital and to survive the shortage, companies are inventing ways to extract energy from renewable sources. Increasing end use efficiency and a need for technology developments to solve energy shortages lies in increasing efficiencies in electric motors and use of such technologies in applications. Science tells us electric motors operate through the interaction of magnetic fields and current-carrying conductors to generate force.

 Vector control of ac motors india using low-cost MCUs

Ac-to-dc converters are widely used for ac-to-dc conversion, speed control of ac motors etc. This paper presents a novel transformer based dc-to-ac multi-level converter topology where instead of pulse-width modulation, tap changing is done to shape the output voltage sinusoidal. The load is connected at the secondary side of the isolating and tap changing transformer. During each half cycle, a controller circuit is used to switch different switching devices connected to the tap changing transformer, systematically. Vector control of ac motors india using low-cost MCUs.The controller circuit receives command signal in form of voltage or current and supplies the required switching signals to the relevant switching devices and ultimately controls the magnitude of output voltage and the overall performance of the multi-level inverter. A MATLAB based model is developed for nine level output voltage. THD of the output voltage is reduced drastically with the proposed circuit. Moreover due to nine levels of inverter, the requirements of filters also reduced.

In this paper, a universal motor speed control system with a PWM AC chopper is introduced. Operation principles of the control system, which is realized with a microcontroller, are presented. Mathematical model of the universal motor and PWM AC chopper is derived and the behavior of the system is studied by simulation. Mains power factor, motor speed, and current are analyzed for different load conditions. Harmonic analysis of the motor current and voltage are given and compared with phase control technique. Experiments are made to verify the effectiveness of the system. According to the experimental results, both simple hardware design and good speed response can be attained.

Advances in metal rolling process automation and tightening quality standards result in a growing demand being placed on fault detection and diagnostics of electrical motors. Misalignment of motor or coupled load on motor shaft is one of the common causes, which creates most of the mechanical faults and leads to motor vibration. Although different algorithms are available for motor condition monitoring, but an online identification of motor misalignment and comprehensive fault reporting to the maintenance personnel are still missing. The motor current spectrum analysis for misaligned motor is not well documented. This paper portrays a novel online fault diagnostic algorithm related to misalignment of induction motors fed by variable speed drive. The innovative approach features spectral analysis and clustering based, fault detection method. A new set of feature coefficients of the mechanical faults is extracted from the stator current by its spectral decomposition. The technique is validated experimentally for a 7.5-hp induction motor.
Ac motors indiais the most established electrical converter used for soft or smooth starting of induction motors. But when it is used with induction generator (running at super synchronous speed) it fails. The cause attributed towards this behavior is brought out here in detail. Further some energy saving aspects using a pole changing induction machine are described. Both the simulation and test results are presented. Wave turbines can be of self-starting or non self-starting type. To obtain a controlled power, the ac motors india fed induction machine is used. The excitation and energy saving of this electrical generating system are analyzed with both self-starting and non self-starting turbines.

The principle of vector control of an ac motors india the dynamic control of AC motors, and induction motors in particular to a performance level comparable to that of a DC machine. The basic equations describing the dynamic behaviour of an induction machine in a rotating reference frame are detailed. Based on these equations the structure of the vector controlled induction motor drive is derived. A design procedure is developed for systematic design of the gain and time constant of various controllers. The procedure is evaluated through extensive computer simulation. The complex nature of the vector controlled scheme places a heavy computational burden on the controller. A digital signal processor (DSP) based controller is developed for this purpose. The power circuit is developed using insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). The performance of the vector controlled scheme is tested on a 40 HP prototype drive.

For high torque low speed applications in pulp and paper and cement industries a dc motor or a cage type motor with reducer has been used. In this paper use of a doubly fed induction motor as a high torque very low speed drive is presented. It is shown that such a motor works as constant speed motor without any problem of stability.

In this paper technical viability of Fuel Cell as an alternative fuel to diesel used in Diesel Electric Multiple Units (DEMUS) for suburban/short distance passenger transportation in India is presented. Fuel Cell is obvious pollution free, renewable and quite energy source. A system has been worked out using Fuel Cell, Lithium Ion Batteries and supper capacitor to meet transient and base energy requirement of transport drive. It overcome limitation of Fuel Cell System (FCS) to deliver transient current and power requirement. Energy recovery by employing regenerative braking and necessity of electrical energy storage systems is also deliberated to make operation efficient. Electric drives, Fuel Cells, topologies of converter are also briefly discussed. Performance of FCS based DEMU has been simulated over standard route, which shows around 35% energy can be recovered during regenerative braking.

 Vector control of ac motors india using low-cost MCUs

Generator is the most important and costly equipment in the power system. For the reliability of power system, protection of the generator is very important. There are different types of generator protection which are existing in actual field like reverse power protection, stator and rotor earth fault protection, negative phase sequence protection, over current protection, over voltage protection, etc. To demonstrate the concepts and complicacies of generator protection in the laboratory environment, a protection panel employing different relays has been designed and developed. The protection panel has been practically built at the Fluid Dynamics and Machinery Laboratory in department of Power Engineering of Jadavpur University, Kolkata. The generator, under protection, is driven through a horizontal axis pico Francis turbine of 100mm size; 1.5m working head with a discharge of 2000 lpm.

In this paper, the adaptive control method is applied to a Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). An Adaptive control which depends on the input-output feedback linearization for torque and speed control of the PMSM is developed. Through the feedback linearization, direct and quadratic current decoupling and controls are achieved. The torque becomes only proportional to the quadratic current and direct current is controlled to zero. Vector control of ac motors india using low-cost MCUs.The adaptive control is used to estimate the uncertain plant parameter variation and also it does not need any prior information of real parameter. With the help of simulation result, the adaptive control scheme is performed. From these result, it is clear that the proposed method obtains high dynamic performance like vector control.

In India, the demand for water is continuously increasing due to the growing population. Approximately 16.5% of all country's electricity used to pump this water is from fossil fuels leading to increased pump Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. With the recent advancement in power electronics and drives, renewables like solar photovoltaic and wind energy are becoming readily available for water pumping applications resulting in the reduction of GHG emissions. Recently, research towards AC motor based Water Pumping Systems (WPS) has received a great emphasis owing to its numerous merits. Further, considering the tremendous acceptance of renewable sources, especially solar and wind, this paper provides a detailed review of single-stage and multi-stage WPS consisting of renewable source powered AC motors. The critical review is performed based on the following figure of merits, including the type of motor, power electronics interface and associated control strategies.

In fact by hybridization of energy sources advantages of different renewable sources are achievable. In this converter power can be flexibly distributed without any distortion between input sources. This converter has several outputs with different voltage levels which make it suitable for interfacing different inverters. Using different inverters leads to reduction of voltage harmonics. The converter has two inductor and two capacitor. Depending on charging and discharging states of the energy storage system, two different power operation modes are defined for the converter. The validity of the proposed converter and its control performance are verified by stimulation and experimental results for different operation conditions

 

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