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Universal coupling

Universal coupling

The universal coupling utilizes the characteristics of its mechanism to make the two shafts not on the same axis, and when there is an angle between the axes, it can realize the continuous rotation of the connected two shafts, and reliably transmit torque and motion. The biggest feature of the universal coupling is: its structure has a large angular compensation capability, a compact structure and high transmission efficiency. The angle between the two axes of universal joints of different structure types is different, generally between 5°-45°.

Structure type:
Universal couplings have a variety of structural types, such as: cross shaft type, ball cage type, ball fork type, bump type, ball pin type, ball hinge type, ball hinge plunger type, three pin type, three fork rod type , Three ball pin type, hinge type, etc.; the most commonly used is the cross shaft type, followed by the ball cage type. In practical applications, according to the transmitted torque, universal coupling is divided into heavy, medium, light and small.

Universal coupling

use:
A mechanical part used to connect two shafts (active shaft and driven shaft) in different mechanisms to make them rotate together to transmit torque. In high-speed and heavy-duty power transmission, some couplings also have the function of buffering, damping and improving the dynamic performance of the shafting. The coupling is composed of two halves, which are respectively connected with the driving shaft and the driven shaft. The general power machine is mostly connected with the working machine by means of a coupling.
National standard specifications:
The cross-shaft universal coupling is a large-scale universal coupling, and the bearing is a vulnerable part of the cross-shaft universal coupling. The main difference between several large cross-shaft universal joints is the change of the bearing seat and the cross fork to form different structures. In order to ensure the synchronization of the main and driven shafts, the double connection is adopted in practical applications. The connection of the double connection is nothing more than welding or flange connection by bolts. The middle length can be changed in many forms. The cross head components of the cross shaft universal coupling have the following forms: SWC type integral fork cross shaft universal coupling (JB/T 5513-2006), SWP type partial bearing seat cross shaft universal coupling Shaft (JB/T 3241-2005), SWZ type integral bearing seat cross shaft universal coupling (JB/T 3242-1993), WS type small double cross shaft universal coupling (JB/T 5901 -1991), WSD type small single cross shaft universal coupling (JB/T 5901-1991), SWP type cross shaft universal coupling with cross bag (JB/T 7341.1-2005), WGC type cross shaft Cross bag for universal joint (JB/T 7341.2-2006). The above heavy and small cross-shaft universal couplings are all universal. Different models in the automobile industry have their own dedicated cross-shaft universal couplings or other types of universal couplings. For example, a ball cage universal coupling is used for cars. In addition, agricultural machinery, industrial machinery and other sports machinery products also have special universal couplings, and most of the lifting adopts cross-axis universal couplings.

Universal coupling

classification:
There are many types of couplings. According to the relative position and position changes of the two shafts connected, they can be divided into:
①Fixed coupling. It is mainly used in places where two shafts require strict alignment and no relative displacement occurs during work. The structure is generally simple, easy to manufacture, and the instantaneous speed of the two shafts is the same, mainly including flange couplings, sleeve couplings, and clamps Shell couplings, etc.
②Removable coupling. It is mainly used where the two shafts are deviated or there is relative displacement during work. According to the method of compensating displacement, it can be divided into rigid movable coupling and elastic movable coupling. Rigid movable couplings use the dynamic connection between the working parts of the coupling to have a certain direction or several directions to compensate, such as jaw coupling (allowing axial displacement), cross groove coupling (Used to connect two shafts with small parallel or angular displacement), universal coupling (used in places where the two shafts have a large deflection angle or a large angular displacement during work), gear coupling (Comprehensive displacement allowed), chain coupling (radial displacement allowed), etc., the elastic movable coupling (referred to as elastic coupling) uses the elastic deformation of the elastic element to compensate for the deflection and displacement of the two shafts. Elastic elements also have buffering and vibration reduction properties, such as serpentine spring couplings, radial multilayer leaf spring couplings, elastic ring pin couplings, nylon pin couplings, rubber sleeve couplings, etc. . Some couplings have been standardized. When selecting, you should first select the appropriate type according to the work requirements, and then calculate the torque and speed according to the diameter of the shaft, and then find the applicable model from the relevant manual, and finally make the necessary check calculations for some key parts.

Universal coupling
Features:
Universal coupling is used to connect two shafts together. The two shafts cannot be separated when the machine is running. The two shafts can be separated only after the machine is stopped and the connection is disconnected.
Types of:
Due to manufacturing and installation errors, deformation after load, and the influence of temperature changes on the two shafts connected by the coupling, the relative position of the two shafts will change, and strict alignment is often not guaranteed. According to whether the coupling has elastic elements, whether it has the ability to compensate various relative displacements, that is, whether the coupling function can be maintained under the condition of relative displacement, and the purpose of the coupling, couplings can be divided into rigid couplings, Flexible coupling and safety coupling. The main types and characteristics of the coupling and its role in the function category in the transmission system Remarks Rigid coupling can only transmit motion and torque, and does not have other functions including flange coupling, sleeve coupling, clamp Flexible couplings such as shell couplings and flexible couplings without elastic elements can not only transmit motion and torque, but also have different degrees of axial, radial and angular compensation performance, including gear couplings, Flexible couplings with elastic elements such as universal couplings, chain couplings, slider couplings, diaphragm couplings, etc., which can transmit motion and torque; have different degrees of axial, radial, Angular compensation performance; Universal coupling also has different degrees of damping and buffering effects to improve the working performance of the transmission system. Including various non-metal elastic element flexible couplings and metal elastic element flexible couplings, various elastic couplings The structure is different, the difference is big, and the role in the transmission system is also different. The safety coupling transmits motion and torque, and overload safety protection. Flexible safety couplings also have different degrees of compensation performance, including pin type, friction type, magnetic powder type, centrifugal type, hydraulic type and other safety couplings.

Universal coupling

select:
The choice of coupling mainly considers the speed of the required transmission shaft, the size of the load, the installation accuracy of the two connected parts, the stability of rotation, the price, etc., refer to the characteristics of various couplings, and choose a suitable one. Coupling type.
The following points can be considered when making specific choices: Most couplings have been standardized or standardized. The designer's task is to choose, not design. The basic steps for selecting a coupling are as follows: select the type of coupling according to the size of the transmitted load, the speed of the shaft, the installation accuracy of the connected two parts, etc., refer to the characteristics of various couplings, and select a suitable coupling Type.
1) The size and nature of the torque to be transmitted and the requirements for the buffer and vibration reduction function. For example, for high-power and heavy-duty transmissions, gear couplings can be selected; for transmissions that require severe impact loads or to eliminate shaft torsional vibrations, tire couplings and other couplings with high elasticity can be selected.
2) The working speed of the coupling and the centrifugal force caused by Universal coupling. For high-speed transmission shafts, couplings with high balance accuracy, such as diaphragm couplings, should be selected, rather than eccentric slider couplings.

Universal coupling
3) The magnitude and direction of the relative displacement of the two axes. When it is difficult to maintain strict and precise alignment of the two shafts after installation and adjustment, or when the two shafts will have a large additional relative displacement during the working process, a flexible coupling should be used. For example, when the radial displacement is large, you can choose a slider coupling, and when the angular displacement is large or the connection of two intersecting shafts, you can choose a universal coupling.
4) The reliability and working environment of the coupling. Generally, couplings made of metal elements that do not require lubrication are more reliable; couplings that require lubrication are easily affected by the degree of lubrication and may pollute the environment. Couplings containing non-metallic components such as rubber are more sensitive to temperature, corrosive media and strong light, and are prone to aging.
5) Due to reasons such as manufacturing, installation, load deformation and temperature changes, Universal coupling is difficult to maintain strict and accurate alignment of the two shafts after installation and adjustment. There is a certain degree of displacement in the x and Y directions and the deflection angle CI. When the radial displacement is large, you can choose a slider coupling, and when the angular displacement is large or the connection of two intersecting shafts, you can choose a universal coupling. When the two shafts produce a large additional relative displacement during the working process, a flexible coupling should be used.

Universal coupling

Deviation knowledge:
Universal couplings are widely used in various general mechanical occasions due to their large deviation angle and high transmission torque. Common types of universal couplings are: general-purpose, high-speed, miniature, telescopic, high-torque universal couplings and many other types. WS.WSD small cross shaft universal coupling is suitable for connecting two shaft axis clamps Transmission shaft system with angle β≤45°; single cross shaft universal coupling and double cross shaft universal coupling transmitting nominal torque 11.2~1120N·m. Universal coupling is suitable for the same plane of the connection space In the transmission situation where the axis angle of the two shafts β≤45o, the nominal torque is 11.2-1120N.m. WSD type is a single cross universal joint, and WS type is a double cross universal joint. The maximum included angle between each section 45o. Finished hole H7 can be provided with keyway, hexagonal hole and square hole according to requirements. The angle between the two shafts is allowed to be changed within a limited range as the work needs.

The ball cage type constant velocity universal coupling is suitable for cold rolling lines, plate shear lines, high-speed precision slitting machines, horizontal starters, precision levelers and other industrial machinery. It is divided into fixed type and axially movable sliding type. Two categories. Fixed types include disc, cup, bell, and cylinder shapes; sliding types include small, large, and DOX series for extremely short-distance axial connections.

Universal coupling

Uses and features:
The adjustment of the installation distance and the axial expansion and contraction are realized by sliding the spline in the universal joint. The amount of expansion can be adjusted according to user needs. The connection between the coupling and the flange is insulated.
Mainly used for the transmission of pinch rollers, scrubbing rollers, sealing rollers, finishing tension rollers, squeezing rollers, degreasing rollers, steering rollers, scrubbing tanks of metallurgical production equipment; transmission of pickling tanks of metallurgical equipment; transmission of furnace rollers of metallurgical equipment ;
The structure is simple, universal joint space transmission, the angle between the shafts is ≤18°, ≤25°. Allowable telescopic amount is ±12~±35, ±15~±150, ±25~±150, flange sleeve or flange plate connection.

Universal coupling

Uses and features:
The axial direction of the steel ball raceway is linear, and the axial expansion and installation distance can be adjusted through the linear raceway.
It is mainly used for the transmission of straightening rolls of multi-roll straightening machines in petroleum machinery, metallurgy and non-ferrous metal industries.
Simple structure, universal joint space transmission. The angle between shafts is ≤10°, ≤8°~10°, allowable expansion and contraction is ±25~±150, ±12~±35, flange sleeve or flange plate connection.

Date

22 October 2020

Tags

Universal coupling

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